Download Mirza Ghalib Biography In Urdu Pdf Format

Deewan e Ghalib is a poetry collection of Mirza Ghalib. His full name was Mirza Asad ullah Khan Ghalib. Ghalib was born in 1797 at Agra and died in 1869 in Delhi. He is considered as one of the greatest poet of Urdu language. After Mir Taqi Mir (Khudaye Sukhan) he got immense popularity. Figures suggest that in his whole life, Ghalib wrote about 428 ghazals. Hundreds of his ghazals are included in his Dewan.

Oct 19, 2015 Mirza Ghalib was a gifted letter writer. Not only Urdu poetry but the prose isalso indebted to Mirza Ghalib. His letters gave foundation to easy andpopular Urdu. Before Ghalib, letter writing in Urdu was highly ornamental. Hemade his letters 'talk' by using words and sentences as if he wereconversing with the reader.

• Ghalib, the last uncommon mirza ghalib poetry and essayist of the Mughal Era, is believed to be a champion among the most standard and capable specialists of the Urdu vernacular. Mirza ghalib biography in Urdu PDF free book downloads or read online from this web library.
• In addition, Ghalib Sahab also wrote many beautiful ghazals. These ghazals of his are available in different language. So, read Mirza Ghalib, and know about the last Mughal poet whose work is mostly available in Urdu. Mirza Ghalib is the biography of Mirza Asadullah Beg Khan, popularly known as Mirza Ghalib.

Download Mirza Ghalib Biography In Urdu Pdf Free

Mirza Ghalib Serial

Download Mirza Ghalib Biography In Urdu Pdf Online

Mirza was also famous for his literary battles with his contemporary poets. A bollywood movie also pictures the life story of Mirza Ghalib. This eBook named Dewan of Ghalib contains 193 pages. Dewan e Ghalib in urdu version and in pdf format is available. File size is 845 KB.

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Download Mirza Ghalib Biography In Urdu Pdf Online

TRANSCRIPT

• Classic Poetry Series

  Mirza Ghalib- poems -

  Publication Date:

  2012

  Publisher:

  PoemHunter.Com - The World's Poetry Archive

• www.PoemHunter.com - The World's Poetry Archive 2

  Mirza Ghalib (27 December 1797 15 February 1869)Mirza Asadullah Baig Khan (Urdu/Persian: ) was a classical Urdu and Persian poet from India during Britishcolonial rule. His also known as 'Mirza Asadullah Khan Galib', 'Mirza Galib','Dabir-ul-Mulk' and 'Najm-ud-Daula'. His pen-names was Ghaliband Asad orAsad or Galib. During his lifetime the Mughals were eclipsed and displaced bythe British and finally deposed following the defeat of the Indian rebellion of1857, events that he wrote of. Most notably, he wrote several ghazals duringhis life, which have since been interpreted and sung in many different waysby different people. He is considered, in South Asia, to be one of the mostpopular and influential poets of the Urdu language. Ghalib today remainspopular not only in India and Pakistan but also amongst diasporacommunities around the world.

  Family and Early Life

  Mirza Ghalib was born in Agra into a family descended from Aibak Turks whomoved to Samarkand after the downfall of the Seljuk kings. His paternalgrandfather, Mirza Qoqan Baig Khan was a Saljuq Turk who had immigratedto India from Samarkand (now in Uzbekistan) during the reign of AhmadShah (174854). He worked at Lahore, Delhi and Jaipur, was awarded thesubdistrict of Pahasu (Bulandshahr, UP) and finally settled in Agra, UP, India.He had 4 sons and 3 daughters. Mirza Abdullah Baig Khan and MirzaNasrullah Baig Khan were two of his sons. Mirza Abdullah Baig Khan (Ghalib'sfather) got married to Izzat-ut-Nisa Begum, and then lived at the house ofhis father in law. He was employed first by the Nawab of Lucknow and thenthe Nizam of Hyderabad, Deccan. He died in a battle in 1803 in Alwar andwas buried at Rajgarh (Alwar, Rajasthan). Then Ghalib was a little over 5years of age. He was raised first by his Uncle Mirza Nasrullah Baig Khan.Mirza Nasrullah Baig Khan (Ghalib's uncle) started taking care of the threeorphaned children. He was the governor of Agra under the Marathas. TheBritish appointed him an officer of 400 cavalrymen, fixed his salary atRs.1700.00 month, and awarded him 2 parganas in Mathura (UP, India).When he died in 1806, the British took away the parganas and fixed hispension as Rs. 10,000 per year, linked to the state of Firozepur Jhirka(Mewat, Haryana). The Nawab of Ferozepur Jhirka reduced the pension toRs. 3000 per year. Ghalib's share was Rs. 62.50 / month. Ghalib was marriedat age 13 to Umrao Begum, daughter of Nawab Ilahi Bakhsh (brother of theNawab of Ferozepur Jhirka). He soon moved to Delhi, along with his youngerbrother, Mirza Yousuf Khan, who had developed schizophrenia at a youngage and later died in Delhi during the chaos of 1857.

  In accordance with upper class Muslim tradition, he had an arrangedmarriage at the age of 13, but none of his seven children survived beyond

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  infancy. After his marriage he settled in Delhi. In one of his letters hedescribes his marriage as the second imprisonment after the initialconfinement that was life itself. The idea that life is one continuous painfulstruggle which can end only when life itself ends, is a recurring theme in hispoetry. One of his couplets puts it in a nutshell:

  'The prison of life and the bondage of grief are one and the same Before the onset of death, how can man expect to be free of grief?'

  Royal Titles

  In 1850, Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar II revived upon Mirza Ghalib the titleof 'Dabeer-ul-Mulk'. The Emperor also added to it the additional title ofNajm-ud-daulah.The conferment of these titles was symbolic of MirzaGhalibs incorporation into the nobility of Delhi. He also received the title of'Mirza Nosha' by the emperor, thus adding Mirza as his first name. He wasalso an important courtier of the royal court of the Emperor. As the Emperorwas himself a poet, Mirza Ghalib was appointed as his poet tutor in 1854. Hewas also appointed as tutor of Prince Fakhr-ud Din Mirza, eldest son ofBahadur Shah II,(d. 10 July 1856). He was also appointed by the Emperor asthe royal historian of Mughal Court.

  Being a member of declining Mughal nobility and old landed aristocracy, henever worked for a livelihood, lived on either royal patronage of MughalEmperors, credit or the generosity of his friends. His fame came to himposthumously. He had himself remarked during his lifetime that although hisage had ignored his greatness, it would be recognized by later generations.After the decline of Mughal Empire and rise of British Raj, despite his manyattempts, Ghalib could never get the full pension restored.

  Poetry Career

  Ghalib started composing poetry at the age of 11. His first language wasUrdu, but Persian and Turkish were also spoken at home. He got hiseducation in Persian and Arabic at a young age. When Ghalib was in his earlyteens, a newly converted Muslim tourist from Iran (Abdus Samad, originallynamed Hormuzd, a Zoroastrian) came to Agra. He stayed at Ghalibs homefor 2 years. He was a highly educated individual and Ghalib learned Persian,Arabic, philosophy, and logic from him.

  Although Ghalib himself was far prouder of his poetic achievements inPersian, he is today more famous for his Urdu ghazals. Numerouselucidations of Ghalib's ghazal compilations have been written by Urduscholars. The first such elucidation or Sharh was written by Ali Haider NazmTabatabai of Hyderabad during the rule of the last Nizam of Hyderabad.Before Ghalib, the ghazal was primarily an expression of anguished love; butGhalib expressed philosophy, the travails and mysteries of life and wroteghazals on many other subjects, vastly expanding the scope of the ghazal.This work is considered his paramount contribution to Urdu poetry andliterature.

  In keeping with the conventions of the classical ghazal, in most of Ghalib'sverses, the identity and the gender of the beloved is indeterminate. Thecritic/poet/writer Shamsur Rahman Faruqui explains that the convention ofhaving the 'idea' of a lover or beloved instead of an actual lover/belovedfreed the poet-protagonist-lover from the demands of realism. Love poetry inUrdu from the last quarter of the seventeenth century onwards consistsmostly of 'poems about love' and not 'love poems' in the Western sense ofthe term.

  The first complete English translation of Ghalib's ghazals was written bySarfaraz K. Niazi and published by Rupa & Co in India and Ferozsons inPakistan. The title of this book is Love Sonnets of Ghalib and it containscomplete Roman transliteration, explication and an extensive lexicon.

  His Letters

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  Mirza Ghalib was a gifted letter writer. Not only Urdu poetry but the prose isalso indebted to Mirza Ghalib. His letters gave foundation to easy andpopular Urdu. Before Ghalib, letter writing in Urdu was highly ornamental. Hemade his letters 'talk' by using words and sentences as if he wereconversing with the reader. According to him Sau kos se ba-zaban-e-qalambaatein kiya karo aur hijr mein visaal ke maze liya karo (from hundred ofmiles talk with the tongue of the pen and enjoy the joy of meeting evenwhen you are separated). His letters were very informal, some times hewould just write the name of the person and start the letter. He himself wasvery humorous and also made his letter very interesting. He said Mainkoshish karta hoon keh koi aesi baat likhoon jo parhay khoosh ho jaaye (Iwant to write the lines that whoever reads those should enjoy it). When thethird wife of one of his friends died, he wrote. Some scholar says that Ghalibwould have the same place in Urdu literature if only on the basis of hisletters. They have been translated into English by Ralph Russell, The OxfordGhalib.

  Ghalib was a chronicler of this turbulent period. One by one, Ghalib saw thebazaars Khas Bazaar, Urdu Bazaar, Kharam-ka Bazaar, disappear, wholemohallas (localities) and katras (lanes) vanish. The havelis (mansions) of hisfriends were razed to the ground. Ghalib wrote that Delhi had become adesert. Water was scarce. Delhi was now a military camp. It was the endof the feudal elite to which Ghalib had belonged. He wrote:

  An ocean of blood churns around me- Alas! Were these all!The future will show What more remains for me to see.

  His Pen Name

  His original Takhallus (pen-name) was Asad, drawn from his given name,Asadullah Khan. At some point early in his poetic career he also decided toadopt the Takhallus Ghalib (meaning all conquering, superior, mostexcellent).

  Popular legend has it that he changed his pen name to 'Ghalib' when hecame across this sher (couplet) by another poet who used the takhallus (penname) 'Asad':

  The legend says that upon hearing this couplet, Ghalib ruefully exclaimed,'whoever authored this couplet does indeed deserve the Lord's rahmat(mercy) (for having composed such a deplorable specimen of Urdu poetry).If I use the takhallus Asad, then surely (people will mistake this couplet to bemine and) there will be much la'anat (curse) on me!' And, saying so, hechanged his takhallus to 'Ghalib'.

  However, this legend is little more than a figment of the legend-creator'simagination. Extensive research performed by commentators and scholars ofGhalib's works, notably Imtiyaz Ali Arshi and Kalidas Gupta Raza, hassucceeded in identifying the chronology of Ghalib's published work(sometimes down to the exact calendar day!). Although the takhallus 'Asad'appears more infrequently in Ghalib's work than 'Ghalib', it appears that hedid use both his noms de plume interchangeably throughout his career anddid not seem to prefer either one over the other.

  Mirza Ghalib and Sir Syed Ahmed K